In 2025, incidents of hate speech against minorities in India, including Muslims and Christians, rose by 13 percent, according to the India Hate Lab, a United States‐based research group.
It has been the bloodiest days of protest in India since Modī’s government passed a new citizenship amendment act, which grants citizenship for refugees of every major South Asian religion except Muslims, in December.
India has not publicly criticized Moscow’s offensive, despite outcry over the invasion in the West, including from France.