| IPA | Pronunciation |
|---|---|
| b | As b in bed |
| d | As d in dawn |
| dʒ | As j in joke |
| ð | As th in this |
| f | As f in fish |
| g | As g in goal |
| h | As h in hat |
| k | As c in cat (aspirated) or as k in skin (unaspirated) |
| l | As l in let |
| m | As m in meat |
| n | As n in no |
| ŋ | As ng in sing |
| p | As p in pin (aspirated) or spin (unaspirated) |
| r | As r in ring |
| s | As s in sell |
| ʃ | As sh in shit |
| t | As t in tone (aspirated) or stone (unaspirated) |
| tʃ | As ch |
| θ | As th in thin |
| v | As v in van |
| x | As ch in loch (Scottish pronunciation) or in German nach |
| z | As z in zip |
| ʒ | As s in measure |
| IPA | Pronunciation |
|---|---|
| j | As y in yes |
| w | As w in water |
| IPA | Pronunciation |
|---|---|
| ɑː | As a in father |
| æ | As a in cat (short) or man (long) |
| ʌ | As u in cup |
| ɛ | As e in get |
| ɜː | As ur in hurt |
| ə | As a in anew |
| iː | As ea in mean |
| ɪ | As i in pi |
| ɔː | As o in short |
| ɒ | As o in got |
| uː | As oo in moo |
| ʊ | As u in put |
| IPA | Pronunciation |
|---|---|
| aɪ | As ie in lie |
| aʊ | As ou in house |
| ɛə | As air in pairs |
| eɪ | As ay in say |
| ɪə | As ear in beard |
| əʊ | As ow in low |
| ɔɪ | As oy in boy |
| ɔə | Sometimes as oo in poorly. However, the pronunciations [ʊə] and [ɔ:] also occur! |
| ʊə | Sometimes as oo in poorly. However, the pronunciations [ɔə] and [ɔ:] also occur! |
| IPA | Meaning |
|---|---|
| * | A "linked r", which is an r that is only pronounced when followed by a vowel |
| ˈ | Indicates that the following syllable has primary stress |
| ˌ | Indicates that the following syllable has secondary stress |